Apr 28

Fetal screening. and/or defects

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Fetal screening refers to any tests that allow a fetus to be tested for certain traits or characteristics.

Most often this is performed to test for birth defects. Common procedures include amniocentesis, sonograms, nuchal translucency testing, or genetic screening. The tests can be used to check for conditions such as Down syndrome, spina bifida, cleft palate, Tay Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, and fragile x syndrome. In some cases, the tests are administered to determine if the fetus will be aborted.

In some cases, fetal screening has been done to determine characteristics generally not considered birth defects. In some parts of the world, if a fetus is determined to be female, it is sometimes aborted. The rise of designer babies and parental selection for specific traits raises a host of bioethical and legal issues that will dominate reproductive rights debates in the 21st century.

Apr 28

List of holidays in Pakistan. that occurs during

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Holidays in Pakistan:

Date English Name Local Name Remarks
March 23 Pakistan Day یوم پاکستان
Yom-e-Pakistan 		Commemorates Pakistan Resolution on March 23, 1940 in Lahore

May 1 Labor Day (May Day) یوم کاریگر
Yom-e-Karegar 		Labor day in Pakistan

August 14 Independence Day یوم استقلال
Yom-e-Istiqlal 		Commemorates Pakistan’s independence from the United Kingdom on August 14th, 1947

September 6 Defence Day یوم دفاع
Yom-e-Difa 		Defense Day

November 9 Birthday of Muhammad Iqbal یوم ولادت محمد اقبال
Yom-e-Viladat-e-Muhammed Iqbal 		Birthday of national poet Muhammad Iqbal

December 25 Birthday of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah;
Christmas		 یوم ولادت قائداعظم
Yom-e-Viladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam
عيد الميلاد المسيح
Eid-ul-Milad-ul-Masseh		 Birthday of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah;
Christmas

Dates following the lunar Islamic calendar
Dhul Hijja 10 Eid ul-Adha عيد الأضحى Commemorates Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son, occurs on the 10th day of the month of Dhul Hijja

Shawwal 1 Eid-ul-Fitr عيد الفطر Commemorates end of Ramadan (Ramazan). It occurs on the 1st day of Shawwal

Rabi`-ul-Awwal 12 Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi عيد ميلاد النبي Birthday of Prophet Muhammad. It occurs on the 12th of Rabi’-ul-Awwal

Muharram 10 Ashura عاشوراء Martyrdom of Hazrat Imam Hussain. It occurs on the 10th day of Muharram

Ramadan last Friday Jumu’ah-tul-Wida جمعة الودع It occurs on last Friday in Ramadan before Eid-ul-Fitr

Ramadan last ten nights of the month Laylat al-Qadr ليلةِ القَدر It occurs on last ten nights in Ramadan

</TABLE>


See also

  • Muslim holidays


External links

  • Dates of Muslim holidays
Apr 28

Aland (automobile). single-vehicle collision is not

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The Aland was an advanced (for the day) four cylinder 2.5liter 16-valve, single ohc automobile with four-wheel internal expanding brakes and aluminum pistons. It was made in Detroit, Michigan, USA and was built between 1916 and 1917. Two and five seater bodied versions were available for $1500.

Apr 28

Long term. The term

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In economics

Long term, in economics, is the period of time required for economic agents to reallocate resources, and generally reestablish equilibrium.

The actual length of this period, usually numbered in years or decades, varies widely depending on circumstantial context. During the long term, all factors are variable.

According to John Maynard Keynes, “In the long term, we’re all dead.”


In finance

For financial operations (borrowing, investing…), what is considered

  • long term is usually above 7 years,
  • medium term is usually between 2 and 7 years,
  • short term is usually under 2 years.


See also

  • time horizon
Apr 25

Synproportionation. time to react.

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Synproportionation or comproportionation is a concept in chemistry and is a redox reaction where two reactants that share an atom but differ in oxidation number react to a single reaction product.

Examples:

  • Potassium permanganate contains manganese with oxidation number of +7 and reacts with a manganese compound having oxidation number +2 to Manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide) with oxidation number +4, potassium hydroxide and water.
  • In chalcogen chemistry 15Se + SeCl4 + 4AlCl3 -> Na[AlCl]4 + 3Se8[AlCl4]2. [1]
  • In volcanic eruptions, the redox reaction 2H2S(g) + SO2(g) -> 3S(s) + 2H2O(g).

It is the chemical opposite to disproportionation, where two or more atoms originally having the same oxidation state react with other chemical(s) to give ions with different oxidation numbers.


References

Apr 24

Municipal Service Car. single-vehicle accident

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Municipal Service Car was a concept streetcar being considered by the Toronto Transit Commission in the 1970s to replace their ageing PCC fleet.

The project began in 1972 and was a co-operation between Hawker Siddeley Canada and the Toronto Transit Commission. The vehicle had a bus-like chassis and was somewhat of a low floor vehicle.

In the end the vehicle lost out to the Canadian Light Rail Vehicle or CLRV made by Ontario Transit Development Corporation (later renamed Urban Transportation Development Corporation) in 1973.

No vehicles were developed and only concept drawings exists of this vehicle.


Reference

  • The Canadian Light Rail Vehicles (The CLRVs)
Apr 24

Beijing-Shanghai Express Railway. speed.

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Beijing-Shanghai Express Railway (京滬高速鐵路) is one of China’s ambitious plans for high-speed trains. It was originally scheduled for completion before the beginning of 2008 Summer Olympics and Expo 2010. The project is being delayed due to controversy. Its construction is expected to start during 2007 Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway construction to start [1] Its top speed will be 350km/h, cutting Beijing to Shanghai travel time from 9 hours to 5 hours. The rolling stocks on this line will be the CRH (China Railway High-speed) series trains.


Stations

There will be 27 stations, including Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Xuzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou and Shanghai (the distance between Beijing and Shanghai is about 1,300 km).


See also

  • High-speed rail in China
  • China Railways


References

Apr 23

Cheng Yi (officer). or killed the

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Cheng Yi (成宜; d. 211) was an officer resisting Cao Cao in Guanzhong during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was killed in the Battle of Tong Pass, in the final phases of the battle.

In the Luo Guanzhong novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he was a subordinate of Han Sui and was killed by Xiahou Yuan.

Apr 23

Leave of absence. leave the

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Leave of absence (LOA) is a term used to describe a period of time that one is to be away from his/her primary job, while maintaining the status of employee. This term is in contrast to normal periods away from the workplace, such as vacations, holidays, hiatuses, sabbaticals, and “working from home” programs, in that they are considered to be exceptional circumstances, rather than benefits. Generally such an arrangement has a predefined termination at a particular date or after a certain event has occurred.


Classifications


Paid Leave

Generally, paid leave of absences are given at the request of the employer, or per some statutory or contractual requirement. Some examples of typical paid LOA are Employee Injury on the job, bereavement, Jury duty, or if the employer is performing repairs or other activities in the building where the employee normally works which prevents him/ her from performing their duties.


Unpaid Leave

Unpaid LOA’s are generally at the request of the employee or as a result of suspected misconduct on the part of the employee. A leave of absence may be obtained for a variety of employee-requested reasons, including Active duty call-up for reserve military personnel, or to attend to the health needs of the employee or of a family member of the employee.

In many jurisdictions, it is up to the employer’s discretion as to whether an employee’s request for a leave of absence is granted or not. In the United States, the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 defines certain circumstances under which approval of a leave of absence is compulsatory. As well, the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) dictates certain circumstances under which a LOA must be granted.

During periods of time where the employer’s market is sluggish, some employers offer certain classes of employees an opportunity to take an unpaid leave of absence as extra vacation time, in an effort to temporarily reduce operating expenses without the complications of performing a Layoff, and potentially losing critical employees permanently. Such a period is referred to as a leave of absence in lieu of layoff.NJ State CAMPS


Continuation of benefits

Generally, continuation of certain benefits, such as medical insurance, is maintained. Other benefits such as Life Insurance normally require the employee to pay the premium in order to be continued during the LOA. Wright.edu

For those benefits that are based on an empoyee’s time in his/ her job, the period of the absence may be included in the tallies of consecutive service for certain benefits. If the time is not included, it is simply omitted from the tally, but not considered a break in service.


References


External links

  • Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
  • Full Text of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 - FMLA - 29 U.S. Code Chapter 28
  • Senate roll call vote
  • House roll call vote
  • Nevada Dept. of Human Resources v. Hibbs
Apr 22

Stuart Pearson Wright. also be hurt

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Stuart Pearson Wright (born 1975, Northampton) is an award winninghttp://news.independent.co.uk/media/article229756.ece English artist who works mainly in paint. He was educated at Slade School of Fine Arthttp://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp19004&role=art&page=1, University College of London (1995-1999), where he graduated with honours, receiving a B.A. in Fine Art. He won the BP Travel Prize in 1998, the BP Portrait Prizehttp://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/arts/story/0,,509774,00.html in 2001, and the Garrick/Milne Prizehttp://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp19004&role=art&page=1 in 2005.


Portraits

People who sat for the artist include:

Daniel Radcliffe (actor)
Mike Leigh (film director)
David Thewlis (actor)
Charles Saumarez Smith (Director, National Gallery)
Richard E. Grant (actor)
Adam Cooper (ballet dancer)
John Hurt (actor)
Terry Gilliam (film director)
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Michael Palin (actor, writer)
Terry Jones (actor, writer)
Diane Abbott (MP)
Christopher Lee (actor)
J. K. Rowling (novelist)


References


External links

  • Home page
  • Paintings at the National Portrait Gallery
  • article Guardian article on BP Portrait Prize win
  • Independent article
Apr 22

Motor vehicle theft. the vehicle

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Motor vehicle theft or grand theft auto is a criminal act of theft generally understood to refer to the stealing of automobiles, buses, motorcycles, snowmobiles, trucks, trailers or any other motorized vehicle legally allowed on public roads and highways, including attempted thefts; but not to aircraft, boats, motorized wheelchairs, bulldozers, and spacecraft.

Carjacking is a subset of “grand theft auto” in which the owner of the stolen vehicle is occupying the vehicle at the time of the theft. In some jurisdictions, carjacking is charged as “grand theft auto”.


See also

  • VIN etching
  • TWOC (Taken Without Owner’s Consent)
  • Car alarm
  • Road crime unit
  • Vehicle tracking system
  • In popular culture, the video game series Grand Theft Auto uses carjacking as a main focal point of its games.
Apr 21

Brack. unless the rider/driver and

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Brack may refer to Brackish water or a variety of tea cake. Other uses include:

In people, as a surname:

  • Bill Brack, race car driver
  • John Brack, Australian painter
  • Kenny Bräck, race car driver
    • Brack (band), a rock group led by race car driver Kenny Bräck.
  • Viktor Brack, Nazi physician


See also

  • Bräcke, a municipality in Sweden
  • The Brack, a hill in Scotland
Apr 20

MV Bukoba. passengers of

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MV Bukoba is the name of a passenger steamer that sank 30 kilometers from Mwanza, Tanzania on May 21 1996, killing nearly one thousand people. The boat had been used to transport passengers and cargo between Lake Victoria ports Bukoba and Mwanza.

The steamer’s capacity was 430, but around 800 people drowned as the boat sank to the bottom of Lake Victoria. The manifest showed 443 passengers in the first and second class cabins, but the cheaper third class compartment had no manifest.

The lack of equipment and divers were partially to blame for the tragedy. Rescue teams from South Africa were flown in to salvage the ship and retrieve bodies that sank 25 meters under water.

President Benjamin Mkapa declared 3 days of national mourning after the tragedy.


See also

  • Lake Victoria ferries
Apr 18

Vehicle setup. vehicle is involved.

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In motor racing circles, vehicle setup is a term used to describe the personalised settings on the vehicle which help the vehicle handle and perform predictably and quickly. Vehicle setups are variable for a variety of reasons, ranging from weather, driver/rider preference and race track characteristics. Contrary to common misperceptions, setup is not used to maximize the performance of the engine, but to optimize it for the track at which it is being used. For example, motorcycle racers frequently detune their engines to reduce performance and power output so as to ensure the bike accelerates in a predictable manner.

Usually adjustable vehicle parts include shock absorbers and anti-roll bar (suspension), gear ratios and differential, tyre pressures and type, wing angles, wheel toe-in and camber angle, brake bias, steering lock and ride height.


See

also

  • Car handling


External links

  • The “ULTIMATE” Racing Car Chassis Setup Guide and Tutorial
  • Building a setup for Grand Prix Legends
  • Race Car Set-up Overview
Apr 16

Normal operator. normal inference

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In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a normal operator on a Hilbert space <math>H</math> (or more generally in a C* algebra) is a continuous linear operator

<math>N:H\to H</math>

that commutes with its hermitian adjoint N*:

<math> N\,N^*=N^*N. </math>

Normal operators are characterized by the spectral theorem.

A bounded operator T is normal if and only if ||Tx|| = ||T*x|| for all x. We have <math>\|Tx\|^2 = \langle T^*Tx, x \rangle</math>, <math>\|T^*x\|^2 = \langle TT^*x, x \rangle</math> and the fact that <math>\langle Tx, x \rangle = \langle Sx, x \rangle</math> for all <math>x</math> implies that <math>S = T</math> If N is a normal operator, then N and N* have the same kernel and range. Consequently, the range of N is dense if and only if N is injective.

Examples of normal operators:

  • unitary operators ( <math>N^*=N^{-1}</math> )
  • Hermitian operators ( <math>N^*=N</math> )
  • positive operators (<math>N = MM^*</math>)
  • orthogonal projection operators (<math>N=N^*=N^2</math>)
  • normal matrices can be seen as normal operators if one takes the Hilbert space to be <math>C^n</math>.


See also

  • Quasinormal operator
  • Subnormal operator


Notes

Apr 15

Cope rearrangement. time to react. The

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The Cope rearrangement is an extensively studied organic reaction involving the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of 1,5-dienes. It was developed by Arthur C. Cope. For example 3-methyl-1,5-hexadiene heated to 300°C yields 1,5-heptadiene.

The Cope rearrangement causes the fluxional states of the molecules in the bullvalene family.


Mechanism

Although the Cope rearrangement is concerted and pericyclic, it can also be considered to go via a transition state that is energetically and structurally equivalent to a diradical. This is an alternative explanation which remains faithful to the uncharged nature of the Cope transition state, while preserving the principles of orbital symmetry. This also explains the high energy requirement to perform a Cope rearrangement. Although illustrated in the chair conformation, the Cope can also occur with cyclohexadienes in the “boat” conformation.


Examples

The rearrangement is widely used in organic synthesis. It is symmetry-allowed when it is suprafacial on all components. The transition state of the molecule passes through a boat or chair like transition state. An example of the Cope rearrangement is the expansion a cyclobutane ring to a 1,5-cyclooctadiene ring:

In this case, the reaction must pass through the boat transition state to produce the two cis double bonds. A trans double bond in the ring would be too strained. The reaction occurs under thermal conditions. The driving force of the reaction is the loss of strain from the cyclobutane ring.


Variations

Variations of the Cope rearrangement are the Oxy-Cope rearrangement and Heteroatom Cope reactions such as the Aza-Cope rearrangement. Another widely studied [3, 3] sigmatropic rearrangement is the Claisen rearrangement.


References

  • Cope, A. C.; et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 441.
  • Rhodds, S. J.; Raulins, N. R.; Org. React. 1975, 22, 1-252. (Review)
  • Hill, R. K.; Comp. Org. Syn. 1991, 5, 785-826.
  • Wilson, S. R.; Org. React. 1993, 43, 93-250. (Review)
Apr 06

Arrondissements of the Vienne department. can increase

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The 3 arrondissements of the Vienne department are:

  1. Arrondissement of Châtellerault, (subprefecture: Châtellerault) with 12 cantons and 96 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 108,636 in 1990, and was 109,202 in 1999, an increase of 0.52%.
  2. Arrondissement of Montmorillon, (subprefecture: Montmorillon) with 11 cantons and 98 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 74,008 in 1990, and was 74,045 in 1999, an increase of 0.05%.
  3. Arrondissement of Poitiers, (prefecture of the Vienne department: Poitiers) with 15 cantons and 87 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 197,361 in 1990, and was 215,777 in 1999, an increase of 9.33%.
Apr 04

Notorious Thugs. notorious for

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“Notorious Thugs” is a song off The Notorious B.I.G.’s second album, Life After Death.

The song was never released as a single, likely due to the song’s dark nature, but garnered much radio airplay nonetheless and remains a favorite of fans of both The Notorious B.I.G. and Bone Thugs-N-Harmony. Bone Thugs-N-Harmony members Bizzy Bone, Krayzie Bone, and Layzie Bone contributed to the song.

In 2005, Notorious Thugs was mixed into “Spit Your Game”, a song from Biggie’s final album, Duets: The Final Chapter. This newer version features Twista and Krayzie Bone.

This song is also noteworthy because for this song, The Notorious B.I.G. changed his normally smooth, easy flow to a high speed melodic flow similar to that the Bone Thugs are known for.

The song was included in The Notorious B.I.G.’s Greatest Hits and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony’s Greatest Hits .

Apr 03

Sutton (constructor). car accident

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Sutton was a racing car constructor which participated in a single FIA World Championship race - the 1959 Indianapolis 500. Powered by a KK500G Offenhauser I-4, their car (a Dayton Steel Foundry/Walther) was driven by Mike Magill. On the 45th lap of the race, Magill was squeezed into the outside wall by the spinning car of Chuck Weyant; Magill flipped over, sliding upside down off the track and into the infield. Drivers Jud Larson and Red Amick, who spun trying to avoid the accident, both stopped and lifted the damaged Sutton upright to free Magill. Their actions, plus the Sutton’s roll bars (made mandatory for the 1959 season), undoubtedly saved Magill’s life.


World Championship Indy 500 results

Season Driver Grid Classification Points Note Race Report
1959 Mike Magill 31 Ret
Apr 03

Single. A single

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Single may refer to:

In music:

  • Single (music), song release
  • Single (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2004/2006 song by Natasha Bedingfield
  • Single coil, electromagnetic guitar pickup type

In sports:

  • Single (baseball), the most common type of base hit
  • Single (cricket), point in cricket
  • Single (football), Canadian football point

In other fields:

  • Single (relationship), person not married or in a romantic relationship
  • Single (tv series), produced by Jane Fallon for Channel 4
  • SINGLE (dating show), a Philippine reality-dating show made by Ideal Minds Corporation that aired from May 2002 to July 2005.
  • Single (locomotive), steam locomotive with a single pair of driving wheels
  • Single precision, computer numbering format that occupies one storage location in computer memory at a given address
  • Single, type of bet made on one selection.


See also

  • Singles
  • Single-ended (disambiguation)
Apr 01

1973 Belgian Grand Prix. accident an

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Results from the 1973 Formula One Belgian Grand Prix held at Zolder on May 20, 1973.


Classification

Pos No Driver Team Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
1 5 Jackie Stewart Tyrrell-Ford 70 1:42:13.4 6 9
2 6 François Cevert Tyrrell-Ford 70 31.84 4 6
3 1 Emerson Fittipaldi Lotus-Ford 70 + 2:02.79 9 4
4 9 Andrea de Adamich Brabham-Ford 69 + 1 Lap 18 3
5 21 Niki Lauda BRM 69 + 1 Lap 14 2
6 22 Chris Amon Tecno 67 + 3 Laps 15 1
7 7 Denny Hulme McLaren-Ford 67 +3 Laps 2  
8 24 Carlos Pace Surtees-Ford 66 +4 Laps 8  
9 12 Graham Hill Shadow-Ford 65 +5 Laps 23  
10 19 Clay Regazzoni BRM 63 Accident 12  
11 15 Mike Beuttler March-Ford 63 Accident 20  
Ret 14 Jean-Pierre Jarier March-Ford 60 Accident 16  
Ret 20 Jean-Pierre Beltoise BRM 56 Not classified 5  
Ret 11 Wilson Fittipaldi Brabham-Ford 46 Engine 19  
Ret 2 Ronnie Peterson Lotus-Ford 42 Accident 1  
Ret 8 Peter Revson McLaren-Ford 33 Accident 10  
Ret 25 Howden Ganley Iso Marlboro-Ford 16 Accident 21  
Ret 10 Carlos Reutemann Brabham-Ford 14 Engine 7  
Ret 16 George Follmer Shadow-Ford 13 Throttle 11  
Ret 17 Jackie Oliver Shadow-Ford 11 Accident 22  
Ret 3 Jacky Ickx Ferrari 6 Oil pump 3  
Ret 26 Nanni Galli Iso Marlboro-Ford 6 Engine 17
  
Ret 23 Mike Hailwood Surtees-Ford 4 Accident 13  


Notes

  • Fastest lap: François Cevert - 1:25.46
Apr 01

Bat World Sanctuary. injured: although in

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Bat World Sanctuary was founded in 1994 as a rescue-rehabilitation center and sanctuary