Jun 03

Molecular computer. Specifically it

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Molecular computers are massively parallel computers taking advantage of the computational power of molecules (specifically biological).

Molectronics specifically refers to the sub-field of physics which addresses the computational potential of atomic arrangements.


See also

  • Chemical computer
  • Analog computer
  • DNA computer
  • Digital computer
  • Quantum computer
  • Computation


External links

  • Introduction text
Apr 25

Synproportionation. time to react.

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Synproportionation or comproportionation is a concept in chemistry and is a redox reaction where two reactants that share an atom but differ in oxidation number react to a single reaction product.

Examples:

  • Potassium permanganate contains manganese with oxidation number of +7 and reacts with a manganese compound having oxidation number +2 to Manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide) with oxidation number +4, potassium hydroxide and water.
  • In chalcogen chemistry 15Se + SeCl4 + 4AlCl3 -> Na[AlCl]4 + 3Se8[AlCl4]2. [1]
  • In volcanic eruptions, the redox reaction 2H2S(g) + SO2(g) -> 3S(s) + 2H2O(g).

It is the chemical opposite to disproportionation, where two or more atoms originally having the same oxidation state react with other chemical(s) to give ions with different oxidation numbers.


References

Apr 23

Cheng Yi (officer). or killed the

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Cheng Yi (成宜; d. 211) was an officer resisting Cao Cao in Guanzhong during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was killed in the Battle of Tong Pass, in the final phases of the battle.

In the Luo Guanzhong novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he was a subordinate of Han Sui and was killed by Xiahou Yuan.

Apr 01

1973 Belgian Grand Prix. accident an

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Results from the 1973 Formula One Belgian Grand Prix held at Zolder on May 20, 1973.


Classification

Pos No Driver Team Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
1 5 Jackie Stewart Tyrrell-Ford 70 1:42:13.4 6 9
2 6 François Cevert Tyrrell-Ford 70 31.84 4 6
3 1 Emerson Fittipaldi Lotus-Ford 70 + 2:02.79 9 4
4 9 Andrea de Adamich Brabham-Ford 69 + 1 Lap 18 3
5 21 Niki Lauda BRM 69 + 1 Lap 14 2
6 22 Chris Amon Tecno 67 + 3 Laps 15 1
7 7 Denny Hulme McLaren-Ford 67 +3 Laps 2  
8 24 Carlos Pace Surtees-Ford 66 +4 Laps 8  
9 12 Graham Hill Shadow-Ford 65 +5 Laps 23  
10 19 Clay Regazzoni BRM 63 Accident 12  
11 15 Mike Beuttler March-Ford 63 Accident 20  
Ret 14 Jean-Pierre Jarier March-Ford 60 Accident 16  
Ret 20 Jean-Pierre Beltoise BRM 56 Not classified 5  
Ret 11 Wilson Fittipaldi Brabham-Ford 46 Engine 19  
Ret 2 Ronnie Peterson Lotus-Ford 42 Accident 1  
Ret 8 Peter Revson McLaren-Ford 33 Accident 10  
Ret 25 Howden Ganley Iso Marlboro-Ford 16 Accident 21  
Ret 10 Carlos Reutemann Brabham-Ford 14 Engine 7  
Ret 16 George Follmer Shadow-Ford 13 Throttle 11  
Ret 17 Jackie Oliver Shadow-Ford 11 Accident 22  
Ret 3 Jacky Ickx Ferrari 6 Oil pump 3  
Ret 26 Nanni Galli Iso Marlboro-Ford 6 Engine 17
  
Ret 23 Mike Hailwood Surtees-Ford 4 Accident 13  


Notes

  • Fastest lap: François Cevert - 1:25.46
Feb 21

DUID. driver

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DUID is the acronym that stands for Driving Under the Influence of Drugs. It is akin to DUI or DWI for driving under the influence of alcohol or driving while intoxicated.

Several American states and European countries now have “per se” DUID laws that presume a driver is impaired if they are found to have any detectable quantity of controlled substances in their body while operating an automobile and that the driver has no doctor’s prescription for the substance. This is similar to the “per se” DUI/DWI laws that presume a driver is impaired when their blood alcohol content is above a certain level (currently 0.08% in the United States). There is some controversy with “per se” DUID laws in that a driver with any detectable quantity of controlled substances may not in fact be impaired and the detectable quantity may be only the remnants of drug use in days or weeks past. However testing equipment is generally calibrated to only pick up recent typically impairing usage and to not detect more historic drug use.

The laws were passed in response to the problems reported by prosecutors who sometimes found it difficult to prove that a driver was impaired from using a controlled substance. Practical difficulties included the transient effects of some drugs wearing off before Police or Drs had a chance to assess many suspects for impairment. These laws make their cases much easier to win because they only have to prove the presence of a controlled substance in the blood or urine, without a prescription. The logic is that the trade off of more efficient prosecutions with wide benefit to road safety is worth the potential conviction or more often non criminal sanction of a driver who may have a slim chance of being unimpaired, because the driver was already violating the law by using a controlled substance without a prescription.


External links

  • Drugged Driving
Jan 20

Iron(II) hydroxide. react.

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‘
Systematic name
Other names xxx, xxx
Molecular formula Fe(OH)2
Molar mass ~90 g/mol
Density x.xxx g/cm3
Solubility (water) x.xx g/l
Melting point xx.x °C
Boiling point xx.x °C
CAS number [xx-xx-xx]
Disclaimer and references

Iron(II) hydroxide or ferrous hydroxide is an insoluble compound produced when iron(II) ions, from a compound such as iron (II) sulphate react with hydroxide ions. Iron(II) hydroxide itself is practically white, but even traces of oxygen impart it with a greenish tinge. If the solution was not deoxygenated and the iron reduced, the precipitate can vary in color starting from green to reddish brown depending on the iron(III) content. In the presence of oxygen the color changes quickly.

Iron(II) hydroxide might be produced from iron(II) sulphate and hydroxide ions (from a soluble compound containing hydroxide ion) in this reaction:

FeSO4 + 2OH− → Fe(OH)2 + SO42−


Uses

Ferrous hydroxide has been investigated as a method for the removal of toxic selenate and selenite ions from water systems such as wetlands. The ferrous hydroxide reduces these ions to elemental selenium, which is insoluble in water and precipitates out.

Note: pKsp = 15.097 where p is the -log and Ksp is the Solubility Product Constant. This means it has a low tendency to dissolve, but is not entirely insoluble. An acidic solution would allow this to disassociate more because the H+ would react with the OH- in the compound.


References


External links